I’ll be in Germany all this week and not updating, but I’ll have plenty of European beer stuff to talk about upon my return. -Mark
Brewing against the grain
By Mark Tichenor and Bruce Lish.
Barley is the grain brewers use to make beer. Some historians and sociologists have even suggested that primitive hunter-gatherer tribes settled down and became agrarian so they could more readily grow barley, and thus produce nourishing, life-saving beer.
The famous, and increasingly annoying, German Reinheitsgebot purity law stipulates four permissible ingredients in beer: water, yeast, hops and barley. Barley is the brewer’s grain.
Or is it? Without a doubt barley yields the optimum fermentable sugars for beer, but many styles replace part of a brew’s barley with other grains, each of which lends distinct characteristics.
Hefeweizen and Witbier, from Germany and Belgium respectively, use wheat. This gives the beer a lighter body and a crisp, quenching quality, and smooth mouthfeel. The greater amount of proteins in wheat also results in a thicker, more voluminous head.
Paulaner and Weihenstephaner (don’t pronounce, just point to the bottle or tap handle) epitomize Hefeweizen. For a great American example, try Flying Dog In-Heat Wheat. The finest witbier example is still Hoegaarden. With Allagash and Ommegang producing excellent American versions.
Oatmeal stout, a classic English style very popular among American indie brewers, replaces a portion (up to 35%) of darkly-roasted barley malt with flaked oats. The result is generally a black brew that’s considerably sweeter than the Irish stout to which most people are accustomed. The oats impart a distinct silky palate and hearty texture to the brew. Samuel Smith Oatmeal Stout is the classic example. Another favorite of ours is Flying Bison Oatmeal Stout, brewed just down the thruway in Buffalo NY.
Rye is less common, but growing in popularity as a brewer’s grain. The inclusion of rye results in spicy notes and a drier finish, with less malt sweetness and a light body. This makes rye a good choice when a refreshing, aggressively-hopped beer is desired.
Brooklyn’s Sixpoint Righteous Ale epitomizes a great American rye beer. It’s powerful and bold in hop finish, with spicy grain and citrus dominating the palate.
Finnish Sahti uses rye and juniper berries in a beer unique and hard to find in any place that isn’t rural Finland. It’s generally homebrewed by Finn farmers, but the craft beer movement has spurred a degree of commercial production and distribution outside the home market.
Vermont’s Otter Creek Brewery once produced a limited run of a sahti-like beer called Helsinki Gold, and Chicago’s Goose Island brewery also produces an example, but your best bet for tasting this style is attending a homebrewer’s competition; there’s always some yahoo going of the deep end with stuff like this. Or a ticket to Finland.
Other grains can be used in brewing as well, and that’s part of the joy of experimentation. We know one homebrewer who uses Quinoa, which we thought was the capital of Ecuador but is actually a grain.
And, not to ignore the elephant in the room, mainstream American lager is produced with tons of corn and rice as alternatives to Barley. The lightness of body that these other cereals impart still defines beer to the majority of Americans, and it is not unheard of for craft brewers to pay homage to the American giants by creating light lagers using corn or rice.
Sometimes it’s amazing, what you have to do to go against the grain.
Bruce is a certified beer judge and commercial brewer. Mark owns a laptop and likes beer. For more on beer, check out the beercraft blog, updated regularly, at http://www.beercraftsite.com. Send your questions, suggestions, or comments to beercraft@rochester.rr.com.
It’s gonna be a kick-ass Beer School this Thursday. Tori Perez from Brewery Ommegong is going to present beers from the Cooperstown, NY brewery, as well as some from the frozen wastes of Belgium.